UK Riots : On Camera

Here this some pictures of UK Riots. I post it in order to remind us that Riots is only causes many losses, material, life, sense of security, etc. My Deep condolences for all the people in United Kingdom. Hopefully this incident will not ever happen again in the future, in any place in the world

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My Fellow American

A few days ago, I got an email who tell me about My Fellow American. My Fellow American is a film project in the United States devoted to recognizing that Muslims are their neighbors. I Feel so excited, because we are as a human being should respect each other, so we can live peacefully. 


Here this one of the story from the website

We Are Praying for "Those People"?

Shortly after 9/11, I went to our cathedral in Seattle to pray. Our cathedral has always been a place where interfaith dialogue is encouraged and interfaith worship is held from time to time. As I sat there I was struck by the banner hanging behind the pulpit. There, in a Roman Catholic Cathedral, were the symbols of three Abrahamic faiths: the star of David, the cross, and the star and crescent. At the time I was on staff at another Catholic church, and I went back and quickly made a similar banner to put up in our sanctuary. After Mass that Sunday, someone approached me with a question.

She said that she knew what the star of David was and what the cross was, but wanted to know about the “other thing.” I explained to her that this was the symbol of the Islamic faith. Her response was, “You mean we are praying for ‘those people’ too?” I assured her that, yes, in this place we pray for all people and we respect all those who seek to know God. We kept that banner up for many weeks following 9/11. It was a small gesture, but one that I hope made an impact. At the time, I can honestly say that I did not know much about Islam, nor did I know anyone who was a Muslim. Since then, I have taken it upon myself to learn more about this religion that shares many of the same stories and prophets as mine. I now live in Chicago, in one of the most ethnically diverse zip codes in the US. Everyday I see Jewish men with their prayer shawls, Muslim women with their head scarves, Hindu families with bindis on their foreheads, and Catholic children all living, working, and playing together. When I walk down my street, I wonder what some people are so afraid of? My life is richer because of these connections. In the words of Elie Weisel, “No human race is superior; no religious faith is inferior. All collective judgments are wrong. Only racists make them.”

and this is the video.. check this out 

I found a lot of video related to My Fellow American..




Please visit the website http://myfellowamerican.us/
Let's spread this spirit of tolerance.. ^^ 

World Hunger

The Horn of Africa encompasses Somalia, Ethiopia, Eritrea, Djibouti and Kenya. It’s one of the most food insecure regions in the world, characterised by frequent droughts and conflict. Concern about the impact of drought in the region escalated in June, when the Famine Early Warning Systems Network, FEWSNET, reported that this year was among the driest since 1950. source

Over 22,000 children die every day around the world.

That is equivalent to:

• 1 child dying every 4 seconds
• 15 children dying every minute
• A 2010 Haiti earthquake occurring almost every 10 days
• A 2004 Asian Tsunami occurring almost every 10 days
• An Iraq-scale death toll every 18–43 days
• Just under 8.1 million children dying every year
• Some 88 million children dying between 2000 and 2009

The silent killers are poverty, easily preventable diseases and illnesses, and other related causes. Despite the scale of this daily/ongoing catastrophe, it rarely manages to achieve, much less sustain, prime-time, headline coverage.

Unfortunately, it seems that the world still does not notice. It might be reasonable to expect that death and tragedy on this scale should be prime time headlines news. Yet, these issues only surface when there are global meetings or concerts (such as the various G8 summits, the Make Poverty History campaign in 2005, etc).

Images © UNICEF

Furthermore, year after year, we witness that when those campaigns end and the meetings conclude, so does the mainstream media coverage.

It feels as though even when there is some media attention, the ones who suffer are not the ones that compel the mainstream to report, but instead it is the movement of the celebrities and leaders of the wealthy countries that makes this issue newsworthy.

Even rarer in the mainstream media is any thought that wealthy countries may be part of the problem too. The effects of international policies, the current form of globalization, and the influence the wealthy countries have on these processes is rarely looked at.

Instead, promises and pledges from the wealthy, powerful countries, and the corruption of the poorer ones—who receive apparently abundant goodwill—make the headlines; the repeated broken promises, the low quality and quantity of aid, and conditions with unfair strings attached do not.

Accountability of the recipient countries is often mentioned when these issues touch the mainstream. Accountability of the roles that international institutions such as the World Bank and IMF, and their funders (the wealthy/powerful countries), rarely does. The risk is that citizens of these countries get a false sense of hope creating the misleading impression that appropriate action is taken in their names.

It may be harsh to say the mainstream media is one of the many causes of poverty, as such, but the point here is that their influence is enormous. Silence, as well as noise, can both have an effect.

 source

FAT is a RACE/CLASS ISSUE

by
Dr. Lili Pintea-Reed, PhD.

 

It is very possible that the type of self hatred women have had used against them for many years around body image is now being used to mask racist and class hated particularly in professional settings.

 

Some time ago there was a wonderful book written by  Susan Orbach  called   FAT IS A FEMINIST ISSUE . This was one of many feminist tracts to outline how most adult women's natural body contours are used by the dominant culture to make her feel bad about herself. Woman are made to feel inadequate about something natural ---their curvy shape --- in order to control and manipulate their behavior. On the surface, this is often seen as merely the ploy of "evil advertisers" to sell more and more "beauty" products by making women feel bad about their natural appearance. But I think it has deeper ramifications.

 

Women who come to hate the very sight of themselves can become prey to various depression based mental health problems. Depressed women are ineffective women. Depressed women are too tired, or too sad to fight back. Depressed women don't only spend tons of money to try to look like androgynous pre-adolescent children, but they are easily manipulated in other ways as they simply lack the mental energy to contend with much above the daily grind. They don't speak up. They aren't political. They don't demand equal work for equal pay. They are targets of abuse and violence.

 

Most rapes occur on female children aged 14  years or younger. Most rape is actually pedophilia (Greenfield, 1997; Craven, 1996; Ringel, 1996)

 

And our culture feeds this abuse and violence against very young women by agreeing that pre-adolescent female appearance is an acceptable focus of carnal attention -- or in a word lust. Instead of people being outraged that young girls are lust objects --women are told, and buy into the notion, that they should all try to look like they are 13 years old -- instead of grown women. This has becoome so pervasive a notion that eating disorders are a growing national problem. Perfectly healthy grown women diet themselves down to the point where like ballet dancers and gymnasts, they stop having menstrual periods as their fat/muscle ratio has gotten so low.

Twin Attacks in Norway

July 23 (Bloomberg) -- Twin attacks in Norway, the deadliest since World War II, left at least 92 people dead after a gunman fatally shot 85 at a political youth camp near Oslo and a bomb in the capital’s government quarter killed seven.

A 32-year-old Norwegian man, a former member of the anti- immigrant Progress Party, was arrested in the attacks, police said in Oslo today. Authorities declined to confirm local media reports identifying the suspect as Anders Behring Breivik, upon the request of his defense lawyer, who has not been named.

“He has been charged in both” incidents, Deputy Oslo Police Chief Roger Andresen told reporters. The two counts of “dangerous crimes to society” mean the perpetrator could receive 21 years in prison, Norway’s toughest punishment, Andresen said.

The Oslo blast yesterday shattered windows at the office of Prime Minister Jens Stoltenberg and other government buildings. About 600 people were on the island of Utoeya, 40 kilometers (25 miles) from Oslo, attending the annual camp organized by the youth wing of Stoltenberg’s Labor Party when the shootings took place, Foreign Minister Jonas Gahr Stoere said. The suspect, who was wearing a fake police uniform when arrested on the island, was not a police officer, authorities said.

“I heard a shot and someone came and said, ‘there’s a man with a weapon, just run,’ so I ran through the forest,” said 17-year-old Ahmed Rasooli, who was on the island. “When I came back I saw a policeman and I thought he could help us, so we went toward him. There was a girl in front of me and he shot her. She screamed, and then she died.”

Dozens Injured

Along with those who were killed, dozens more were hurt in the shooting and nine others were seriously injured in the bombing, Gahr Stoere said. Police roped off streets surrounding the bomb site, while the army blocked access to the area from onlookers.

The rampage on the island lasted 90 minutes, Acting Police Chief Sveinung Sponheim told a press briefing in Oslo today. Breivik, who was using a pistol and an automatic machinegun, surrendered without any resistance when he was finally approached by a special police force, Sponheim said. He said he didn’t know if the suspect had acted alone. The death toll may rise, he said, as four to five people are still missing from the gathering at Utoeya.

The attacks were the deadliest in Europe since about 350 people were massacred at a school in Beslan, Russia, in 2004.

6 Tons Fertilizer

The suspect owned a farm in the small eastern town of Rena, which is listed as Breivik Geofarm on a Facebook page bearing his name and image. He bought 6 tons of fertilizer in May, said Jan Kollsgaard, a director at agricultural supply company Felleskjoepet.

Breivik became a member of the Progress Party, Norway’s second biggest, in 1999 and paid his membership fees until 2004, party spokesman Mazyar Keshvari said in an e-mail today. He was also a member of the party’s youth movement from 1997 to 2007, acting as deputy chairman for one of the local Oslo chapters.

On a Twitter account bearing his name, Breivik made only one posting, on July 17, paraphrasing English economist and philosopher John Stuart Mill: “One person with a belief is equal to the force of 100,000 who have only interests.”

He’s a Christian fundamentalist with no previous record of criminal offences, Andresen, the deputy police chief, said. Interrogations could last several days, police said today.

Crisis Centers

Two policemen stood outside the 4-story brick apartment building listed as Breivik’s Oslo address in a quiet residential area in the capital’s west. Hemen Noaman, a 27-year-old accounting consultant living in the building, said Breivik’s mother resided in the apartment and that her son would often visit her. Sponheim said police had interrogated Breivik’s mother and that she not been aware of her son’s plans.

Municipalities and cities throughout Norway were setting up crisis centers to aid relatives of the victims. From Tromsoe in the far north of the rugged Nordic country with 4.9 million inhabitants to Oslo in the south, flags were flown at half-mast in remembrance of the victims. The annual youth camp, which began July 19, was set to conclude tomorrow.

“Not since World War II has our country experienced a greater tragedy,” Stoltenberg said. “For me, Utoeya was the paradise island of my youth that was transformed into hell.”

Police, who would not speculate about a motive, “see a connection between the attack in the Oslo center and the attack on the island because both are at political sites,” Anders Frydenberg, an Oslo police spokesman, said by telephone. Police do not know whether the suspect was acting alone, Sponheim said.

Progress Party

The Progress Party, which posted its best result in Norway’s last parliamentary elections since it was formed as an anti-tax movement in 1973, is preparing to contest local elections on Sept. 12. A poll conducted by Norfakta earlier this month showed the opposition Conservative and Progress parties combined would obtain a majority in parliament, beating the ruling center-left coalition government.

“The parties on the right have had strong loyalty recently while parties on the left have had less,” Frank Aarebrot, a University of Bergen political science professor, said today. After these attacks, “Labor supporters will rally to the flag. Progress Party supporters could become a little less certain.”

Like other Nordic countries, Norway has a high rate of gun ownership, mostly semi-automatic and bolt-action rifles and shotguns, due to the popularity of hunting. As of January 1, 2010, 439,000 Norwegians were recognized by the Norwegian Register of Hunters, or about one in every 10 citizens.

Scared Children

Neighboring Sweden had a brush with what police treated as a possible terrorist attack in December when a suicide bomber injured two people in central Stockholm.

“The attacks that were carried out in Oslo and at Utoeya were an attack on the Norwegian society we value so highly,” Norway’s King Harald said in an address to the nation today. “Across the entire country people have lost loved ones. There are many young people and children who are scared today. We need to take especially good care of them.”

Danish Prime Minister Lars Loekke Rasmussen sent a statement conveying his “deepest sympathy and solidarity” with the Norwegian people. U.S. President Barack Obama said the attacks showed that “no country large or small” is immune to such violence. U.N Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon said he was “shocked” by the attacks, which NATO Secretary-General Anders Fogh Rasmussen classified as a “heinous act.”

source 

Nutrisi yang Cocok Saat Sedih, Bosan, Lelah dan Sensitif

 

Nutrisi yang Cocok Saat Sedih, Bosan, Lelah dan Sensitif

Merry Wahyuningsih - detikHealth


Jakarta, Perubahan suasana hati alias mood sangat mempengaruhi aktivitas sehari-hari, terlebih lagi bagi wanita. Untuk mengatasi perubahan mood tersebut, makanan dengan nutrisi sehat dan tepat menjadi salah satu solusinya.

Dilansir dari Sheknows, Selasa (10/8/2010), berikut beberapa nutrisi yang tepat untuk mengatasi suasana hati:

1. Nutrisi saat sedang sedih
Ketika Anda sedang sedih, cobalah mengonsumsi makanan ringan yang rendah protein, rendah lemak tapi tinggi karbohidrat.

Alasannya karena ketika makanan tinggi karbohidrat tidak terhambat oleh protein atau lemak, maka asam amino triptophan akan meningkat di otak dan berubah menjadi serotonin, yaitu neurotransmiter yang menstimulasi suasana hati dan membatasi keinginan makan (carving).

Contohnya, popcorn, havermut polos dengan sedikit susu dan madu, serta bagel (sejenis donat) dengan irisan pisang.

2. Nutrisi saat sedang depresi
Perasaan terharu dan depresi bisa diredakan makanan yang kaya dengan omega-3, yang banyak ditemukan dalam lemak sehat yaitu lemak ikan, seperti salmon, herring dan tuna.

3. Nutrisi saat sedang bosan
Saat bosan, secangkir kopi dapat merangsang sistem saraf untuk tetap waspada dan lebih mudah berkonsentrasi. Namun, jangan membiasakan diri bergantung dengan kafein. Batasi diri untuk tidak mengonsumsi kopi lebih dari 3 cangkir (5 ons) sehari.

4. Nutrisi saat sedang sensitif atau mudah tersinggung
Ketika Anda sedang mudah tersinggung, seperti pada wanita yang sedang mengalami PMS (pre-menstruasi syndrome), cobalah makan dengan tidak lebih dari 5000 kalori dan mengandung lebih banyak mineral tembaga.

Contoh diet kaya tembaga antara lain ayam, pisang dan alpukat.

5. Nutrisi saat sedang kelelahan berat
Orang yang mudah merasa lelah sangat mungkin mengalami kekurangan zat besi atau anemia. Anemia adalah kekurangan gizi yang paling umum di dunia dan sangat umum di kalangan wanita usia subur.

Orang yang mengalami kondisi kelelahan sebaiknya banyak makan makanan yang kaya zat besi, seperti kacang, biji-bijian dan sayur-sayuran. Selain itu, zat besi juga banyak terkandung dalam udang, ikan, ayam tanpa kulit atau daging kalkun.(mer/ir)

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Motor Cycle Accident

Just Be careful when you ride your bike.. remember someone waiting for you and will be sad if you get an accident

11 REASONS WHY WOMEN FIND IT HARD TO FiND THE MAN OF THEiR DREAM......

11 REASONS WHY WOMEN FIND IT HARD TO FiND THE MAN OF THEiR DREAM......

1. Nice men are ugly
2. Handsome men are not nice
3. Handsome and nice men are gay
4. Handsome, nice and heterosexual men are married
5. Men who are not so handsome, but nice, have no money
6. Men who are not so handsome, but nice n with money, think we are only after their money
7. Handsome men without money are after our money
8. Handsome men, who are not so nice and somewhat heterosexual, don't think we are beautiful enough    
9. Men who think we are beautiful, that are heterosexual, somewhat nice and have money, are cowards  
10. Somewhat handsome man, kinda nice and have some money, and thank God heterosexual, are shy and NEVER MAKE THE FIRST MOVE!!!!  
11. Men who never make the first move, automatically lose interest in us when we take the initiative.
 NOW, WHO THE HELL UNDERSTANDS MEN?


hehehe... it just for fun.. No Offense..

COLORFUL TULIP FLOWER FIELDS OF HOLLAND

COLORFUL TULIP FLOWER FIELDS OF HOLAND

At first glance, it looks like a giant child armed with a box  of crayons has been set loose upon the landscape. Vivid stripes of purple, yellow, red, pink, orange and green make up a glorious Technicolor patchwork.Yet far from being a child’s sketchbook, this is, in fact, the northern Netherlands in the middle of the tulip season. With more than 10,000 hectares devoted to the cultivation of these delicate flowers, the Dutch landscape in May is a kaleidoscope of giddy colors as the tulips burst into life. The bulbs were planted in late October and early November, and these colorful creations are now ready to be picked and sold as bunches of cut flowers in florists and supermarkets. More than three billion tulips are grown each year and two-thirds of the vibrant blooms are exported, mostly to the U.S. and Germany. Their dazzling colors are thanks to the years in the 17th century when Tulip mania swept the globe and the most eye-catching specimens changed hands for a small fortune. But like a rainbow, this colorful landscape is a short-lived phenomenon. When the flowers are gone, the land will be cultivated for a rather more mundane crop of vegetables. The Netherlands produce more than nine million bulbs a year

BASTILLE DAY

When Indonesians have August 17, Americans with the 4th of July as their Independence day. The French recognized Bastille Day on JUly 14 as the end of the monarchy and beginning of the modern republic. The lasting significance of the event was in its recognition that power could be held by ordinary citizens, not in the king or in God.

on 14 July 1789 marked as the beginning of the French Revolution. The Bastille was a prison and a symbol of the absolute and arbitrary power of Louis the 16th's Ancient Regime.

Shortly thereafter, King Louis XVI and his wife Marie Antoinette took refuge in Versailles as the violent peasants pillaged and burned châteaux, and destroyed records of feudal dues—this reaction is known as the grande peur (great fear).

By capturing this symbol, the people signaled that the king's power was no longer absolute: power should be based on the Nation and be limited by a separation of powers.

Although the Bastille only held seven prisoners at the time of its capture, the storming of the prison was a symbol of liberty and the fight against oppression for all French citizens; like the Tricolore flag, it symbolized the Republic's three ideals: Liberty, Equality, and Fraternity for all French citizens.

On the one-year anniversary of the fall of the Bastille, delegates from every region of France proclaimed their allegiance to a single national community during the Fête de la Fédération in Paris - the first time in history that a people had claimed their right to self-determination.

The French Revolution

The French Revolution had numerous causes which are greatly simplified and summarized here:

1. Parliament wanted the king to share his absolute powers with an oligarchic parliament.
2. Priests and other low-level religious figures wanted more money.
3. Nobles also wanted to share some of the king's power.
4. The middle class wanted the right to own land and to vote.
5. The lower class were quite hostile in general and farmers were angry about tithes and feodal rights.
6. Some historians claim that the revolutionaries were opposed to Catholicism more than to the king or the upper classes.

Sources :
http://www.infoplease.com/spot/99bastilleday.html
http://french.about.com/od/culture/a/bastille-day.htm

Kenali Nilai Politikmu Melalui Pancasila Interaktif

Bulan Juni 2011 kemarin Budiman Sudjatmiko, seorang anggota DPR RI telah meluncurkan ‘Pancasila Interaktif’ untuk memperingati lahirnya Pancasila ke-66. Dalam Pancasila Interaktif ini kita disuguhi beberapa pernyataan dan kita memilih yang sesuai dengan hati kita. Menurut saya ini persis soal PPKn (Pendidikan Pancasila dan Kewarganegaraan). Setelah memilih semua pernyataan, nanti kita akan mendapat hasil termasuk kemana nilai politik kita.

Anda penasaran? :)
Silakan klik http://budimansudjatmiko.net
berikut kutipan mengenai mengenai matriks nilai politik dari web tersebut :

Matriks Nilai Politik

I. Konservatif Esoteris
Konservatif esoteris adalah sistem nilai yang terbentuk dari dimensi esoteris sebagai sumber nilai dan dimensi konservatif sebagai cara yang ditempuh untuk mewujudkan nilai-nilai ideal dalam masyarakat. Sebagaimana dengan sistem nilai konservatif etis, individu dalam sistem nilai konservatif esoteris menempatkan tradisi, sejarah masa lalu suatu masyarakat pada posisi yang istimewa. Keberadaan tradisi dan kebiasaan yang mampu bertahan dalam waktu lama dalam masyarakat secara praktis menunjukan bahwa hal itu memiliki nilai manfaat bagi masyarakat[8]. Sistem nilai ini tidak menolak perubahan sepanjang hal tersebut sejalan dengan sistem nilai dari masyarakat itu sendiri[9]. Proses perubahan yang ideal seharusnya berlangsung secara gradual dan tidak memberikan goncangan yang mengganggu kestabilan kehidupan masyarakat[10].
Sistem nilai ini menolak pemujaan pada rasionalitas karena pada dasarnya manusia bukanlah mahluk yang sepenuhnya rasional[9]. Pengetahuan dan informasi yang terbatas serta proses sosial dan kesejarahannya secara natural memberikan batas pada horison dari setiap individu dalam memahami dunia. Dalam konteks ini, tradisi dan kebiasaan yang sudah dijalani secara turun temurun menjadi pelengkap dari keterbatasan manusia. Nilai-nilai tradisi, agama, menjadi jadi sumber dari kebijaksanaan yang memberikan inspirasi tatanan dan pranata sosial yang seharusnya berlaku di masyarakat.
Keterikatan yang kuat pada tradisi dan sejarahnya membuat individu di dalam sistem nilai ini memahami konsep masyarakat, negara dan kepemimpinan dengan orientasi yang esoteristik. Masyarakat bukan sekedar kumpulan dari individu yang ada di dalamnya, melainkan sebuah artefak kultural yang muncul secara organis dari proses sosial yang panjang[12].
Demikian pula dengan konsep kepemimpinan yang merupakan salah satu artefak kultural yang terbangun sepanjang proses evolusi suatu masyarakat[1]. Hubungan rakyat dan pemimpinnya tidak lagi sesederhana dalam teori demokrasi, tetapi menjadi penuh nuansa yang transendental, terkait konsep kebajikan, kebijaksanaan, keluruhan budi, dan kewibawaan dari seorang pemimpin. Sementara di sisi lain, kebajikan bagi rakyat adalah kepatuhan dan rasa hormat kepada pemimpinnya. Konsekuensinya, pembangkangan dan ketidakloyalan menjadi hal yang tidak patut untuk dilakukan. Dalam konteks ini, sistem nilai ini mentoleransi adanya ketidaksetaraan antar individu dan menerima konsep otoritas dan hirarki sosial sebagai produk natural dari sejarah masyarakat yang harus dihormati. Hal inilah yang membedakan sistem nilai ini dengan sistem nilai konservatif etis.
II. Konservatif Etis
Konservatif etis adalah sistem nilai yang terbentuk dari dimensi etis sebagai sumber nilai dan dimensi konservatif sebagai perspektif yang dipercayai dapat mewujudkan nilai-nilai ideal dalam bermasyarakat. Dimensi konservatif dari sistem nilai ini menekankan bahwa kebijaksanaan untuk mengatur kehidupan sosial, ekonomi, dan politik mesti bersumber pada nilai-nilai yang hakiki yang ada dalam masyarakat itu sendiri. Eksistensi individu tidak dapat dipisahkan dalam konteks sistem nilai dari masyarakat di mana ia berada. Ini karena individu tumbuh dan memaknai kehidupannya di dalam konsteks sistem nilai tersebut. Dengan kata lain, dalam perspektif konservatif, konsepsi humanisme universal yang menjadi landasan dari bangunan filosofi progresif membuat individu teralienasi dari sistem sosialnya[10].
Demikian pula dengan kekhawatiran dari kelompok-kelompok religius yang memandang bahwa modernitas berdampak pada hilang dimensi spritual dari individu[13]. Ini karena modernitas hanya menekankan pada otoritas nalar dan rasionalitas individu dalam kehidupannya. Namun ini tidak berarti penolakan terhadap semua aspek dari modenitas, karena respon kelompok konservatif religius terhadap modernitas juga beragam. Dalam konteks gerakan keagamaan di Indonesia, misalnya, kita mengenal kategori Islam tradisional dan Islam modernis[14,15]. Islam modernis diidentifikasi sebagai aliran yang terbuka terhadap kemajuan kemajuan ilmu pengetahuan modern dan menganggap bahwa penggunaan akal dan prinsip-prinsip rasionalitas sesuatu yang inheren dari Islam.
Dimensi etis dalam sistem nilai ini membentuk pemahaman terkait konsep kepemimpinan, masyarakat dan negara yang berbeda dengan sistem nilai konservatif esoteris. Konsep otoritas dalam sistem nilai konservatif esoteris mempunyai tendensi sentralistik yang menuntut loyalitas yang absolut. Tidak demikian halnya dengan sistem nilai konservatif etis. Dalam Islam, misalnya, otoritas itu terdesentralisasi sedemikian rupa pada ulama dan tokoh agama. Sementara otoritas inipun terikat oleh aturan-aturan agama dimana kepatuhan adalah refleksi dari ketundukan pada otoritas spritual yang lebih tinggi di luar manusia.
Demikian pula halnya dengan persoalan loyalitas kepada negara[16]. Islam, misalnya, selain memiliki dimensi keyakinan dan dimensi sosial keumatan dalam ritual peribadatan, juga memiliki dimensi politik terkait soal hukum dan etika yang mengatur relasi antar individu dalam masyarakat. Problem muncul ketika negara sebagai institusi yang berdaulat berdasarkan hukum dan konstitusi berbenturan dengan agama sebagai sebuah konsepsi politik kenegaraan. Ekspresinya bisa beragam, mulai dari keinginan mendirikan negara agama maupun penerapan hukum agama dalam masyarakat.
III. Progresif Esoteris
Progresif esoteris adalah sistem nilai yang merupakan perpaduan antara sumber nilai yang esoteris dan pendekatan progresif dalam mewujudkan nilai-nilai idealnya dalam masyarakat. Dimensi progresif mencirikan bahwa individu dengan sistem nilai mempunyai keterbukaan cara pandang. Prinsip-prinsip rasionalitas ilmu pengetahuan dan kritisisme menjadi landasan utama dari upaya untuk membangun masyarakat yang dicita-citakan.
Tradisi tidak diabaikan karena memang setiap individu dibentuk oleh situasi masyarakatnya[9]. Namun hukum perubahan yang tidak terhindarkan memacu individu untuk selalu memodernisasi dirinya, mengeksplorasi dan memanfaatkan hal baru untuk mewujudkan nilai idealitasnya. Hal ini yang membedakan dengan sistem nilai konservatif yang mempreservasi dan mencari kebijakan didalam tradisi sebagai landasan untuk memajukan masyarakat.
Individu dalam sistem nilai progresif esoteris dengan optimis memandang bahwa setiap orang pada dasarnya diberkahi kemampuan untuk terus mengembangkan dirinya. Bahwa secara natural setiap orang mempunyai potensi dan kemampuan berbeda tidak bisa dijadikan sebagai alasan untuk mengabaikan prinsip persamaan dan kesetaraan antar individu. Prinsip kebebasan dan persamaan menjadi fondasi dari sistem nilai ini.
Sistem nilai ini juga menekankan pentingnya semangat kerja sama dan solidaritas sosial untuk mewujudkan kesejahteraan bersama. Dalam konteks ini, kepentingan bersama harus lebih diutamakan daripada kepentingan individual. Prinsipnya, mensejahterakan masyarakat berarti mensejahterakan individu yang ada di dalamnya. Oleh karena itu, negara sebagai representasi kolektif seluruh rakyat melayani kepentingan masyarakat, bukan individu. Hal ini yang membedakan sistem nilai progresif esoteris dengan sistem nilai progresif etis.
Sistem nilai ini merupakan varian ekstrim dari sistem nilai progresif esoteris. Karakteristik utamanya adalah penekanan yang kuat pada konsep kesetaraan dan kolektivitas individu dalam masyarakat. Dalam menjalani kehidupannya, individu akan saling membutuhkan dan oleh karena itu butuh saling bekerja sama untuk kepentingannya sendiri. Sistem nilai menganggap bahwa apapun yang menjadi produk hasil kerja sama antar individu merupakan produk sosial yang dimiliki bersama dan setiap orang yang terlibat berhak atas pembagian yang sama. Oleh karena itu, distribusi kekayaan berserta semua sumber-sumber ekonomi adalah jalan untuk mewujudkan pemerataan kesejahteraan.
Visi masyarakat idealnya adalah suatu tatanan masyarakat yang sejahtera atas dasar kemerdekaan rakyat dari segala hambatan yang diakibatkan oleh ketidakmerataan distribusi sumber daya ekonomi. Dalam hal ini, solidaritas dan tumbuhnya semangat kerjasama dalam masyarakat menjadi hal yang vital untuk mewujudkan kesejahteraan bersama. Namun berbeda dengan konsep solidaritas dalam perspektif konservatif, solidaritas dalam sistem nilai adalah kolektivitas antar individu yang bebas atas dasar kesetaraan hubungan kekuasaan. Kesenjangan apapun bentuknya merupakan sumber dari permasalahan.
Kerja sama dan solidaritas sosial akan dapat dimunculkan dengan adanya kekuasaan negara yang kuat. Sistem nilai ini memberikan legitimasi moral pada kekuasaan negara untuk mewujudkan model ideal masyarakat yang dicita-citakan. Pemerintah bertindak aktif melakukan perencanaan dan pengaturan kehidupan sosial ekonomi dan politik, menyesuaikan produksi sesuai kebutuhan masyarakat, membagi pekerjaan untuk diselesaikan oleh semua yang mampu bekerja dan mengatur distribusi dan alokasi sumber daya untuk menjamin terwujudnya kesetaraan dan terpenuhinya hak kesejahteraan rakyat.
IV. Progresif Etis
Progresif etis adalah sistem nilai yang merupakan perpaduan antara perspetif etis dalam memandang sistem sosial dan pendekatan yang progresif untuk mewujudkan nilai-nilai ideal dalam masyarakat. Dimensi progresif dari sistem nilai ini melandasi cita-cita tentang masyarakat yang bebas atas dasar penghormatan pada hak-hak individual. Seperti halnya dengan sistem nilai progresif yang esoteris, prinsip rasionalitas ilmu pengetahuan dan kritisisme menjadi landasan utama dari upaya untuk membangun masyarakat yang dicita-citakan.
Dalam sistem nilai ini, tradisi dan keyakinan tidak dianggap sebagai kunci penting dalam memahami dunia. Keterbukaan terhadap hal-hal baru menjadikan tradisi tidak lagi bersifat dogmatis melainkan selalu terbuka terhadap penafsiran ulang. Sistem nilai ini menyokong sepenuhnya penggunaan prinsip-prinsip rasionalitan saintifik dan kritisisme sebagai alat untuk mengeksplorasi pengetahuan dalam kerangka pencarian jawaban atas berbagai problem manusia dan kemanusiaan.
Individu dalam sistem nilai progresif etis menekankan prinsip kebebasan sebagai nilai yang utama. Bahwa setiap orang memiliki kebebasan untuk melakukan hal yang terbaik untuk dirinya dan bertanggung jawab terhadap setiap tindakannya[9]. Bahwa manusia mempunyai kesempatan yang sama, di dalam segala bidang kehidupan. Oleh karena itu, segala bentuk intervensi yang dapat menghambat upaya manusia untuk mengembangkan potensi dirinya harus dihilangkan.
Hal ini mengantarkan pada perspektif etis terhadap masyarakat dan negara. Pada dasarnya, titik pusat dalam kehidupan sosial adalah individu. Agar supaya kebebasan dan kemerdekaan individu tetap terjamin maka harus dibentuk undang-undang, hukum, parlemen, dan sebagainya. Karena ada individu maka masyarakat dapat tersusun, dan atas kehendak individu suatu negara dapat terbentuk. Oleh karena itu, proses sosial yang terjadi maupun institusi sosial yang terbentuk harus berdasarkan pada penghormatan kepada kebebasan dan kemerdekaan individu. Dimensi etis inilah yang membedakan sistem nilai progresif etis dengan sistem nilai progresif esoteris.


Anda termasuk yang mana? :)